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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Formica rufa ： ウィキペディア英語版 Formica rufa ''Formica rufa'', also known as the red wood ant, southern wood ant or horse ant, is a boreal member of the ''Formica rufa'' group of ants, and is the type species for that group. It is native to Europe and Anatolia but is also found in North America,〔 in both coniferous and broad-leaf broken woodland and parkland. Workers are bicolored red and brownish-black, with a dorsal dark patch on the head and promensonotum,〔 and are polymorphic, measuring 4.5–9 mm in length.〔 They have large mandibles and like many other ant species they are able to spray formic acid from their abdomens as a defence.〔 Formic acid was first extracted in 1671 by the English naturalist John Ray by distilling a large number of crushed ants of this species. ==Description== Nests of these ants are large, conspicuous, dome-shaped mounds of grass, twigs, or conifer needles,〔 often built against a rotting stump, usually situated in woodland clearings where the sun's rays can reach them. Large colonies may have 100,000 to 400,000 workers and 100 queens.〔 ''Formica rufa'' is highly polygynous and often re-adopts post-nuptial queens from its own mother colony, leading to old, multi gallery nests which may contain well over a hundred egg-producing females. These colonies can often measure several metres in height and diameter. ''Formica rufa'' is aggressively territorial, and will often attack and remove other ant species from the area. Nuptial flights take place during the springtime and are often marked by savage battles between neighbouring colonies as territorial boundaries are re-established.〔http://www.bbc.co.uk/naturestop40/ep1/s39.shtml〕 New nests are established by budding from existing nests in the spring,〔 or by the mechanism of temporary social parasitism, the hosts being species of the ''Formica fusca'' group, notably ''F. fusca'' and ''F. lemani'', although incipient ''Formica rufa'' colonies have also been recorded from nests of ''F. glebaria'', ''F. cunnicularia'' and similar species including the ''Lasius'' genus. A ''rufa'' queen will oust the nest's existing queen, lay eggs, and the existing workers will care for her offspring until the nest is taken over. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Formica rufa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.